专利摘要:
A drive system for a harvesting machine (10) comprises an internal combustion engine (38), a crop processing device which can be mechanically connected to the internal combustion engine (38) via a drive train with a separable clutch (78) that can be actuated by an actuator (122), a hydraulic pump ( 110), which is connected to the drive train on the input side of the clutch (78), a hydraulic element (102) which can be used as a hydraulic motor and which is connected to the drive train on the output side of the clutch (78), and a controller (94), with which a harvesting operating mode can be selected in which the clutch (78) is closed so that the crop processing device is driven in a first direction.
公开号:BE1027492B1
申请号:E20200076
申请日:2020-07-01
公开日:2021-06-22
发明作者:Rolf Koch;Martin Bouska;Prafulla Vadnere;Hrishikesh Raste
申请人:Deere & Co;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

Drive System for a Harvesting Machine Description The invention relates to a drive system for a harvesting machine and a harvesting machine equipped therewith.
Technological background In agricultural harvesting machines, it is common for a drive motor, which is usually designed as an internal combustion engine, to drive one or more crop processing elements. Such crop processing elements are, for example, the chopping drum in the case of a forage harvester and a (tangential or axial) threshing device in the case of a combine harvester. These crop processing elements have a relatively high power requirement.
The crop processing elements are not to be driven permanently, but only during the harvesting operation, the drive motor also being in operation, for example, when the harvesting machine is being transported. The drive connection between the drive motor and the crop processing element can therefore usually be switched off.
For this purpose, in the prior art, externally-actuated (hydraulically or electrically) switchable clutches are used in order to optionally connect the crop processing element to the drive motor. Such an arrangement is described, for example, in DE 10 2014 219 205 A1, which is considered generic, on a forage harvester. A first pump connected to the drive motor on the input side of the coupling is used for the hydraulic supply of a hydraulic motor to drive the feed rollers,
while a second pump is drivingly connected to the output side of the clutch and is used to drive a hydraulic motor of a harvesting header. The two hydraulic circuits can be connected in order to use the second pump for hydraulic-dissipative braking and as a motor for reversing the chopping drum and to reverse the header when the clutch is open. Upon operator input, the clutch is closed for the harvesting operation or otherwise opened. When the clutch is switched on, relatively high torques arise, which on the one hand cause the harvester to jolt the harvester which is unpleasant for the operator and on the other hand initially lead to the clutch slipping, which leads to its heating and wear. If the crop processing element is clogged by crop when it is switched on and the torque of the clutch is not sufficient to resolve the jam, the clutch can be damaged or even destroyed by overheating after a long period of slipping.
EP 1 072 817 A2 shows another drive arrangement for the axial separating device of a combine harvester or a chopping drum of a forage harvester, in which the drive motor drives the ring gear of a planetary gear via a switchable clutch, the sun gear of which is driven via an adjustable hydrostatic drive train and its planetary gear carrier with the rotors the axial separating device is in drive connection. The hydrostatic drive train and the superposition gear are used during the harvesting operation to set a desired speed of the rotors and enable the rotors to be reversed when the clutch is disconnected and the output side of the clutch is locked by a brake. When the axial separation device is switched on, the speeds at the input and output of the clutch are monitored and in the event that no synchronization should be established after a certain time, which may be due to a clogged rotor, for example, the clutch is closed more quickly than otherwise to reduce the energy converted into heat in the clutch and thus to protect the clutch. This ultimately results in the same disadvantages as in DE 10 2014 219 205 A1.
EP 1 382 885 A1 describes a procedure for switching on the drive described in EP 1 072 817 A1, in which the hydrostatic drive train is used to drive the rotor when the axial separating device is started up.
For this purpose, the clutch is first disconnected and then the hydrostatic drive train is adjusted so that the ring gear is stationary, whereupon the brake of the ring gear is activated.
The rotor is then driven at a desired speed by the hydrostatic drive train, the brake is released and the clutch is initially closed in a dragging manner in order to bring the ring gear to the desired speed and finally closed completely.
The arrangement shown and described here reduces the disadvantage of the jolt occurring when the clutch is switched on, but still requires the clutch to run in slipping mode in order to produce the same speed at its input and output.
In addition, a superposition gear and a hydrostatic drive branch permanently connected to the drive train are required, so that this drive also suffers from efficiency problems.
Furthermore, purely hydraulic drives for chopping drums (DE 196 32 977 A1) and axial separating devices (EP 0 914 765 A) have been proposed.
These purely hydraulic drives have a relatively poor degree of efficiency.
Finally, DE 33 47 256 A1 describes a traction drive for an agricultural tractor with a torque converter, which is bridged by a lockup clutch depending on the speed difference between the speeds at the input and output of the torque converter.
OBJECT The object on which the invention is based is seen to be an improvement over the prior art
Provide drive system for a harvesting machine and a corresponding harvesting machine. Invention The present invention is defined by the claims.
A drive system for a harvesting machine comprises an internal combustion engine, a crop processing device that is mechanically drive-connected to the internal combustion engine via a drive train, the drive train containing a separable clutch that can be actuated by an actuator, a hydraulic pump that is connected to the drive train on the input side of the clutch , a hydraulic element which can be used as a hydraulic motor and which is connected to the drive train on the output side of the clutch and a control with which a harvesting operating mode can be selected in which the clutch is closed so that the crop processing device is driven in a first direction. The control can be operated, when initiating the harvesting operating mode to increase the speed of the crop processing device, before instructing the actuator to close the clutch, first to connect the hydraulic pump to the hydraulic element, which now serves temporarily to drive the crop processing device in the first direction, until the The rotational speeds of the clutch on the input and output sides at least approximately match and then the hydraulic element is hydraulically separated from the hydraulic pump and the actuator is commanded to close the clutch.
In other words, to initiate the harvesting operating mode, the crop processing device is first accelerated by the hydraulic drive train until the speeds on the input and output side of the clutch at least approximately match and only then is the clutch between the internal combustion engine and the crop processing device closed.
In this way, a low-jolt or even jerk-free start-up of the crop processing device is achieved and the clutch does not have to convert any or at least little mechanical energy into heat when it is closed, which extends the service life of the clutch. You can also dispense with grinding the clutch to increase the speed of the crop processing device, but close the clutch directly, which makes it possible to control a hydraulically operated clutch by a simple on / off valve, instead of the previously used proportional valve, which is a controlled one Grinding the clutch made possible. A dry coupling can also be used instead of a liquid-cooled coupling previously used in previous forage harvesters. Furthermore, the internal combustion engine is no longer suddenly loaded when the clutch is closed, which avoids a fuel-consuming readjustment of the speed of the internal combustion engine. In addition, the internal combustion engine can no longer stall when the clutch is closed, which has occasionally happened in the prior art. Finally, due to the high torque available, the hydraulic drive used when increasing the speed of the crop processing device also enables the crop processing device to be started up if it is clogged by crop or if the torque is insufficient to remove the blockage The acceleration process is canceled automatically and the operator is informed to remove the blockage by hand. In such cases, the clutch is not closed and cannot be damaged. The control can thus be configured to automatically prevent the acceleration process and to alert an operator via the operator interface and not to close the clutch if the torque provided by the hydraulic element is not sufficient for the speeds on the input and output side of the clutch, for example due to a blockage of the crop processing element do not at least approximately match.
The hydraulic pump can preferably be connected in a first circuit to conduct hydraulic fluid with a first hydraulic motor which is in drive connection with a first device for conveying and / or processing crops.
In one possible embodiment, the hydraulic element can be operated as a hydraulic pump and can be connected in a second circuit to conduct hydraulic fluid with a second hydraulic motor, which is in drive connection with a second device for conveying and / or processing crops.
In the harvesting operating mode, the first hydraulic motor can be connected to the hydraulic pump and drive the first device for conveying and / or processing crops in a first direction and the second hydraulic motor can be connected to the hydraulic element operated as a hydraulic pump and the second device for conveying and / or Driving the processing of the crop in a first direction.
The two circuits can be closed and can be coupled and disconnected on the high-pressure and low-pressure side by a valve device controlled by the controller, which is in a first state in the harvesting operating mode and then allows separate operation of both circuits and when the speed of the crop processing device is started up during the switch-on process Harvesting operating mode is in a second state and then enables the hydraulic pump of the first circuit to drive the hydraulic element, which then serves as a hydraulic motor.
The hydraulic pump and the hydraulic element can have a delivery volume that can be adjusted by the control and the
The controller can be set up to set the delivery volume of the hydraulic element to a maximum value for the purpose of achieving a suitable torque and / or a suitable speed when initiating the harvesting operating mode for increasing the speed of the crop processing device before instructing the actuator to close the clutch. The delivery volume of the hydraulic pump is set by the control in such a way that the desired speed is ultimately achieved on the output side of the clutch.
The crop processing device can be a chopping drum, while the first device for conveying and / or processing crops is an intake conveyor and / or the second device for conveying and / or processing crops is a header. There is of course also the possibility that the first device for conveying and / or processing crops is a header, while the second device for conveying and / or processing crops is an intake conveyor.
Exemplary embodiment An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained with the aid of the figures. They show: FIG. 1: a schematic side view of a self-propelled harvesting machine in the form of a forage harvester, FIG. 2: a schematic top view of the drive system of the harvesting machine, FIG. 3: a schematic diagram of the hydraulic interconnection of the hydraulic pumps and hydraulic motors for driving the intake conveyor and the harvesting header during harvesting with a valve unit in a first state, and
FIG. 4: the diagram of FIG. 3 during the acceleration of the chopping drum with a valve unit in a second state.
In FIG. 1, a harvesting machine 10 in the form of a self-propelled forage harvester is shown in a schematic side view. The harvesting machine 10 is built on a frame 12 which is carried by front driven wheels 14 and steerable rear wheels 16. The harvesting machine 10 is operated from a driver's cab 18 from which a harvesting header 20 in the form of a pick-up can be viewed. By means of the header 20 picked up crop, z. B. grass or the like is fed via a feed conveyor 22 with feed rollers, which are arranged inside a feed housing 24 on the front side of the forage harvester 10, to a chopping drum 26 arranged below the driver's cab 18, provided as a crop processing device, which chops it into small pieces and gives it a Conveyor 28 gives up. The crop leaves the harvesting machine 10 to a transport vehicle driving alongside via an ejection spout 30 that is rotatable about an approximately vertical axis and whose inclination is adjustable of Figure 1 runs to the right. Instead of a forage harvester, the harvesting machine could also be designed as a combine harvester in which the crop processing device is a threshing device.
FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the drive arrangement of the harvesting machine 10. In the rear region of the harvesting machine 10 there is an internal combustion engine 38, in particular in the form of a diesel engine. The internal combustion engine 38 extends in the forward direction of the harvester 10 and includes a crankshaft 42 that extends forwardly out of the housing of the internal combustion engine 38. During operation, the internal combustion engine 38 drives with its crankshaft 42 a first longitudinal shaft 46 which is connected to the first bevel gear 66 of an angular gear 64. The first propeller shaft 46 also drives a pump unit 74 via gears 70, 72 and a second propeller shaft 76, which has a hydraulic pump for driving hydraulic motors for propelling the harvesting machine, a steering pump and a hydraulic pump for supplying oil to the control of the hydrostatic drive for propelling the Harvesting machine 10 comprises, and a hydraulic pump 110, which is used to drive a first hydraulic motor 112 for driving the intake conveyor 22 via a gear 114. It would also be conceivable to drive further permanently driven elements such as an electric generator and / or a fan drive for the cooling air supply for the internal combustion engine 38 via one of the gears 70, 72 or a gear (not shown) arranged in between.
The second bevel gear 68 of the first angular gear 64 is connected to a transverse shaft 80 which extends through a hollow shaft 106 connected to the belt pulley 82 to the side of the belt pulley 82 facing away from the angular gear 64 and is connected there to a clutch 78. The clutch 78 is connected on the output side to the hollow shaft 106, which also drives a hydraulic element 102 on the side of the belt pulley 82 facing the angular gear 64 via gears 96, 108 and 100, which can (optionally) be used as a pump and motor, which (in the pump operating mode) is used to supply a second hydraulic motor 116 which drives the header 20. The coupling 78 enables the drive belt 84 and with it the chopping drum 26 and the conveyor device 28 to be switched on and off, i.e. to be mechanically connected to and disconnected from the internal combustion engine 38.
A suitable controller 94 (see FIG. 1) is connected to an actuator 122 for switching the clutch 78. In FIG. 3, a hydraulic diagram of the hydraulic pump 110, the hydraulic element 102 and the first and second hydraulic motors 112, 116 is shown. The two connections of the adjustable hydraulic pump 110 are connected to the two connections of the first hydraulic motor 112, the absorption volume of which can be adjusted by the controller 94. The hydraulic pump 110 and the first hydraulic motor 112 thus form a (first) closed circuit, and the speed (which determines the cutting length) at which the intake conveyor 22 is driven can be changed by adjusting a swash plate of the hydraulic pump 110 and a swash plate of the first hydraulic motor 112 . The actuators for adjusting the swash plates of the hydraulic pump 110 and the first hydraulic motor 112 are also connected to a detection device for the detection of foreign bodies, which, in the event of detection of the pick-up of an undesired foreign body, causes the intake conveyor 22 to stop sufficiently quickly (cf. DE 10 2009 002 849 A1).
The hydraulic element 102 and the second hydraulic motor 116 also form a (second) closed circuit in which the outlet of the hydraulic element 102 (serving as a pump) is directly connected to the inlet of the second hydraulic motor 116 and the outlet of the second hydraulic motor 116 is directly connected to it is connected to the inlet of the second hydraulic pump 102. The hydraulic element 102 has an adjustable swash plate, which enables the controller 94 to adjust the speed of movable components of the header 20 for cutting and / or conveying the crop. In contrast to what is shown in FIG. 3, the second hydraulic motor 116 could likewise have an adjustable displacement.
A valve device 118, which is electromagnetically controlled by the controller 94, optionally connects or separates the two closed circuits. The low-pressure line 122 of the pump 110 is permanently connected to the low-pressure line 126 of the first hydraulic motor 112 and to the valve unit 118, while the high-pressure line 127 of the pump 110 is permanently connected to the high-pressure line 123 of the hydraulic motor 112 and to the valve device 118. The low-pressure line 104 of the hydraulic element 102 is connected to the valve device 118, which (during normal harvesting operation) connects the low-pressure line 104 to a low-pressure line 105 of the second hydraulic motor 116, while the high-pressure line 125 of the hydraulic element 102 is connected to the valve device 118, which (during normal harvesting operations) connects line 125 to high pressure line 124 of second hydraulic motor 116,
The control 94 and the valve device 118 enable at least three operating modes that can be selected by the operator using the interface 98:
(a) A harvesting operating mode in which the clutch 78 is closed and the internal combustion engine 38 drives the chopping drum 26, while the hydraulic pump 110 drives the first hydraulic motor 112 and the hydraulic element 102 serves as a pump and supplies the second hydraulic motor 116 with hydraulic fluid.
The valve device 118 is in the first state shown in FIG. 3, i.e. the two closed circles in FIG. 3 are separated from one another.
This operating mode corresponds to the normal harvesting operation, in which the crop is picked up by the header 20, conveyed by the intake conveyor 22 to the chopping drum 26 and chopped by this and finally by the
Ejection chute 30 is overloaded on a transport vehicle.
By adjusting the swash plates of the hydraulic pump 110 and the hydraulic element 102 (and / or the hydraulic motors 112, 116) it is possible, in a manner known per se, to adjust the speeds of the intake conveyor 22 and / or the
To adjust the header 20 (together or separately) and / or to reverse the intake conveyor 22 and / or the header 20 in order to eject blockages or foreign bodies that have entered.
When initiating the harvesting operating mode is not, as in the state of
Technology according to DE 10 2014 219 205 A1, the clutch 78 is simply closed, but after the operator has selected the harvesting operating mode, the chopping drum 26 and the conveying device 28 are first hydraulically accelerated:
For this purpose, after the operator has selected the harvesting operating mode, the valve device 118 is moved to the second state (as shown in FIG. 4) in order to connect the two hydraulic circuits in FIG. 3 to one another.
The hydraulic pump 110 driven by the internal combustion engine 38 thus acts on the hydraulic element 102, which is now used as a motor, with hydraulic fluid,
so that the latter rotates in the direction in which it is also used in the subsequent harvesting operation.
The hydraulic element 102 drives the chopping drum 26 and the conveying device 28 in their via the gears 100, 108, 96, the hollow shaft 106, the belt pulley 82, the belt 84 and the belt pulleys 88, 86
Direction of rotation that they also have during harvesting.
For this purpose, the displacement of the hydraulic element 102 is set to a suitable value in order to achieve the required speed of the chopping drum 26 at the end of the acceleration process, but still achieve a suitable torque (it would also be possible to carry out the acceleration process with a maximum displacement of the hydraulic element 102 in order to achieve a maximum torque and then to reduce the absorption volume during acceleration in order to achieve the desired speed of the chopping drum 10). The delivery volume of the pump 110 is gradually increased in order to slowly accelerate the chopping drum 26.
The speed of the chopping drum 26 (or in another embodiment, of the hydraulic element 102 or any element driven by the hydraulic element 102) can be detected by means of a speed sensor 128, the output signal of which is fed to the controller 94.
The controller 94 also receives a speed signal from a speed sensor 130 (which may be part of a control unit of the motor 38) for detecting the speed of the
Motor 38 (or in another embodiment, on the input side of clutch 78, or any element included in
Drive connection with the motor 38 or the pump 110 is). The controller 94 thus knows (using known gear ratios) the speeds on the input and output side of the clutch 78 and commands the swash plate of the pump 110 in such a way that at the end of the acceleration process on the input and output side of the clutch 78 (at least approximately) sets the same speed. As soon as a sufficiently close (within a predetermined threshold value) matching speed is determined using the speed sensors 128, 130, the controller 94 first commands the valve device 118 to go into the first state (shown in FIG. 3) in order to separate the two hydraulic circuits and then commands the actuator 122 to close the clutch 78. The harvesting operation described above is now carried out with the clutch 78 closed.
If, during acceleration, the torque provided by the hydraulic element 102 should not be sufficient that the speeds on the input and output sides of the clutch 78 do not at least approximately match within a predetermined period of time, for example due to a blockage of the crop processing element (chopping drum 26) or if even at all Should no rotation of the hydraulic element 102 be achieved, the controller 94 is configured to automatically cancel the acceleration process and to alert an operator by means of the operator interface 98 (by optical and / or acoustic information) and not to close the clutch 78.
During the described run-up of the chopping drum 26, the harvesting header 20 stands still (since the second hydraulic motor 116 is separated from the pump 110 in the second state of the valve device 118, as shown in FIG. 4), which is advantageous for safety reasons. The displacement of the hydraulic motor 112 is set to zero in order to provide the maximum energy from the hydraulic system for the acceleration of the chopping drum 26.
(b) A reverse rotation mode of the crop processing device, in which the clutch 78 is open and the internal combustion engine 38 drives the hydraulic pump 110. The controller 94 then brings the valve device 118 into the second state (shown in FIG. 4), so that the hydraulic pump 110 supplies the hydraulic element 102 operated as a motor with hydraulic fluid, which is via the gears 100, 108, 96, the hollow shaft 106 , the belt pulley 82, the belt 84 and the belt pulley 88 lead to a movement of the chopping drum 26 opposite to the harvesting operation. This reversing drive of the chopping drum 26 enables better grinding of the knives of the chopping drum by means of a grinding device 120 than grinding in the direction of rotation used during the harvesting operation. In the reverse rotation mode of the crop processing device, the swash plate of the hydraulic motor 112 can be set to a maximum absorption volume by the controller 94 in order to keep the speed of the intake conveyor 22 low (or at zero).
(c) A reversing mode in which the clutch 78 is opened or closed while the hydraulic pump 110 is connected in a hydraulic fluid-conducting manner (with the valve device 118 in the state according to FIG. 3 or 4) to the first hydraulic motor 11s, which is then used to drive the feed rollers 22 in the second, which is used in the opposite direction during harvesting. Reversing operation of the header 20 is also possible when the clutch is closed, the hydraulic element 102 operating as a pump for driving the second hydraulic motor 116 (with the valve unit 118 brought into the state according to FIG. 3).
The hydraulic element 102 is accordingly designed for two directions of rotation. It can be designed as a hydraulic motor that is used as a pump in the harvesting operating mode, or it is a bidirectional hydraulic pump that has a suitable drive train that can be operated in two directions and does not have its own feed pump.
When the clutch 78 is opened, a suitable control of the swash plates of the second hydraulic motor 116 (if provided) and / or the hydraulic element 102 can cause the chopping drum 26 to be braked by reducing the excess pressure that then arises through valves and converting it into heat (cf. .
DE 10 2008 002 428 A1).
权利要求:
Claims (10)
[1]
A drive system for a harvesting machine (10), comprising: an internal combustion engine (38), a crop processing device which is mechanically drivable to the internal combustion engine (38) via a drive train, the drive train having a separable clutch (122) which can be actuated by an actuator (122). 78) contains a hydraulic pump (110) which is connected to the drive train on the input side of the clutch (78), a hydraulic element (102) which can be used as a hydraulic motor and which is connected to the drive train on the output side of the clutch (78), and a control (94) with which a harvesting operating mode can be selected in which the clutch (78) is closed so that the crop processing device is driven in a first direction, characterized in that the control (94) can be operated when the Harvesting operating mode for increasing the speed of the crop processing device before instructing the actuator (122) to close the clutch (78) first to connect the hydraulic pump (110) to the hydraulic fluid-conducting element (102), which now temporarily serves to drive the crop processing device in the first direction until the speeds of the clutch (78) on the input and output sides at least approximately match and then to hydraulically separate the hydraulic element (102) from the hydraulic pump (110) and to command the actuator (122) to close the clutch (78).
[2]
2. Drive system according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic pump (110) can be connected in a first circuit to conduct hydraulic fluid with a first hydraulic motor (112) which is in drive connection with a first device for conveying and / or processing crops.
[3]
3. Drive system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydraulic element (102) can be operated as a hydraulic pump and connected to a second hydraulic fluid-conducting circuit in a second circuit with a second hydraulic motor (116) which is in drive connection with a second device for conveying and / or processing crops stands.
[4]
4. Drive system according to claim 3, when dependent on claim 2, wherein in the harvesting operating mode the first hydraulic motor (112) is connected to the hydraulic pump (110) and drives the first device for conveying and / or processing of harvested material in a first direction and the second Hydraulic motor (116) is connected to the hydraulic element (102) operated as a hydraulic pump and drives the second device for conveying and / or processing crops in a first direction.
[5]
5. Drive system according to claim 4, wherein the two circuits are closed and on the high-pressure and low-pressure side by a valve device (118) controlled by the controller (94) can be coupled and separated, which are in a first state in the harvesting operating mode and during the activation process of the harvesting operating mode when increasing the speed of the crop processing device is in a second state.
[6]
6. Drive system according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hydraulic pump (110) and the hydraulic element (102) have a delivery volume that can be adjusted by the control (94) and the control (94) is set up to control the delivery volume of the hydraulic element (102 ) during the process of switching on the harvesting operating mode when the speed of the crop processing device is started up, before instructing the actuator (122) to close the clutch (78) to a suitable value for achieving a suitable torque and / or a suitable speed.
[7]
7. Drive system according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the crop processing device is a chopping drum (26) and / or the first device for conveying and / or processing crop is an intake conveyor (22) and / or the second device for conveying and / or processing of crops is a header (20).
[8]
8. Drive system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the controller (94) is configured if the torque provided by the hydraulic element 8102) is insufficient to achieve that the speeds on the input and output sides of the clutch (78) are not at least approximately match, for example due to a blockage of the crop processing element, to automatically cancel the acceleration process and to inform an operator and not to close the clutch (78).
[9]
9. Harvesting machine (10) with a drive system according to one of the preceding claims.
[10]
10. Harvesting machine (10) according to claim 9 in the form of a forage harvester.
类似技术:
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BE1023110B1|2016-11-23|SELF-RUNNING AGRICULTURAL HARVEST MACHINE WITH TWO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
DE102020119291A1|2022-01-27|Drive system for a harvesting machine
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日
BE1027492A1|2021-03-05|
DE102019213353A1|2021-03-04|
引用文献:
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法律状态:
2021-07-19| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20210622 |
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
DE102019213353.3A|DE102019213353A1|2019-09-03|2019-09-03|Drive system for a harvesting machine|
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